In addition to mandatory tests:

• Dental abnormalities

  Andere

  Dental abnormalities refer to congenital or acquired malformations of the teeth and jaw structure, affecting the skeletal and digestive systems of the mouth. This includes malocclusions, which are misalignments where the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly, as well as missing or extra teeth. These structural issues can interfere with normal chewing and cause teeth to rub painfully against the sensitive tissues of the mouth.

  Passing: Correct bite and complete dentition

  Deep dive+

• Ectropion / Entropion

  Augen

  These are structural eyelid abnormalities affecting a dog's eyes. In cases of entropion, the eyelid rolls inward, causing the eyelashes or fur to rub painfully against the surface of the eyeball. In ectropion, the eyelid sags or rolls outward, leaving the sensitive inner lining of the eye exposed and unprotected.

  Passing: CLEAR

  Deep dive+

• Cataract(HC)

  Augen und Sehvermögen

  A cataract is a progressive clouding of the lens inside the dog's eye, which is the clear structure that focuses light onto the retina at the back of the eye. When the lens becomes cloudy or opaque, it blocks light from entering, gradually impairing the dog's vision. If left untreated, this condition can eventually lead to complete blindness in the affected eye.

  Augen · Passing: CLEAR

  Deep dive+

• Chondrodysplasia, SLC13A1-related

  Bewegungsapparat

  This is an inherited form of dwarfism affecting the skeletal system, specifically bone and cartilage development. It is caused by a genetic mutation that leads to a deficiency in sulfate, a compound crucial for healthy bone growth. Without enough sulfate, the dog's skeleton cannot develop to its normal size and structure.

  Passing: CLEAR

  Deep dive+

• Elbow Dysplasia(ED)

  Bewegungsapparat

  Elbow dysplasia is a developmental disorder of the musculoskeletal system where the three bones forming the elbow joint do not fit together properly. This misalignment causes abnormal friction and wear on the joint cartilage, eventually leading to painful, chronic joint inflammation and arthritis. It is a complex genetic condition influenced by multiple genes.

  Roentgen · Passing: Grade 1 or better (ED 0 or ED 1)

  Deep dive+

• Cryptorchidism

  Fortpflanzung

  Cryptorchidism is a developmental condition of the male reproductive system where one or both testicles fail to descend normally into the scrotum. Instead, the undescended testicle remains trapped inside the abdomen or in the groin area. This failure to descend is a physical development issue rather than an active illness, but it alters how the reproductive organs develop.

  Physisch · Passing: Normal (both testicles descended)

  Deep dive+

• Epilepsy(IE)

  Nervensystem

  Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain and nervous system where abnormal electrical activity causes sudden, temporary disruptions in normal brain function. These disruptions lead to repeated seizures, which are involuntary changes in body movement, sensation, or behavior. Because the underlying cause is often complex, the brain's electrical signaling remains permanently prone to these sudden misfires.

  Physisch · Passing: Unaffected

  Deep dive+