Discover Everything About Chihuahua
Learn about the breed characteristics, health, history, and find trusted breeders
At a glance
Chihuahua overview
The essentials — key facts, traits, and health priorities — before you dive deeper.
Health grade
Relative to other breeds
Although Chihuahuas can reach a very old age, the breed struggles with typical issues associated with extreme miniaturization. Painful patellar luxation and tracheal collapse, which can lead to severe respiratory distress, occur particularly frequently. The risk of hydrocephalus is also increased due to the shape of the skull, which is why prospective puppy buyers should carefully inquire about the health status of the parent dogs.
Lifespan
14–17 yrs
Height
18–23 cm
Weight
1–3 kg
Practical
- Puppy price: 1,000 – 2,500 €
- Coat: There are two variants - shorthair (smooth and soft) and longhair (soft with an undercoat)
- Origin: Mexico
Typical coat colors
- All colors allowed
- including multicolor
Temperament
Daily life
What matters most
Especially with a Chihuahua, choosing the right breeder is the single most important decision you'll make. Serious breeders consistently test the parents for inherited conditions, prioritize healthy early socialization, and stay accountable long after handover. A cheap puppy without health screening tends to become the most expensive dog later on.
See HonestDog breeder standards →Is the Chihuahua right for you?
The Chihuahua is a courageous, extremely loyal companion dog—bred to accompany its human every step of the way, with the watchful self-confidence of a giant packed into this tiny body.
Perfect for you if:
- You are looking for an extremely people-oriented companion who prefers to be everywhere with you and forms a deep, often exclusive bond.
- You live in a city apartment and appreciate a dog whose physical exercise needs can be well met even in smaller spaces.
- You are prepared to take a toy dog just as seriously as a large one, setting boundaries and training it with consistency.
- You enjoy keeping him busy with small mental tasks, as his mind is bright and alert.
Less ideal if:
- You live in an apartment with thin walls and want peace and quiet—as a watchful companion, it is part of his Hardware to report every strange noise immediately.
- You have very small, boisterous children in the household who cannot yet reliably gauge the physical fragility of this dog in everyday life.
- You are looking for a robust, weather-resistant outdoor companion for hours of hiking in pouring rain or extreme cold.
The real vibes check
A Chihuahua doesn't know he is small—he faces the world with the heart of a lion and expects to be respected as such. If you raise him as a full-fledged dog on four paws rather than carrying him around like an accessory, you will have a fearless partner. However, if you treat him like a toy, you will inevitably end up with an insecure tyrant.
Breed Profile
The Chihuahua, known as the smallest dog breed in the world, belongs to FCI Group 9, companion and companion dogs. Despite its small size, the Chihuahua is a dog full of personality and charm. It has a compact body shape with a rounded skull, large eyes and erect ears, giving it a lively and alert appearance. There are two types of coats for Chihuahuas: short-haired and long-haired. While the shorthair is smooth and soft, the longhair has a softer texture with an undercoat and forms fringes on the ears, neck, legs and tail. Both variants are available in a variety of colors. In addition, a distinction is made between apple head and deer head when it comes to head shape. Although the applehead is recognized in the breed standard, it is often associated with health problems. The Applehead Chihuahua features a disproportionately large, rounded head compared to its body, characterized by large, prominent eyes and a small muzzle with a short, characteristic stop, an angle of almost 90 degrees when viewed from the side in profile. Although the appearance may be appealing to some, the head shape is potentially more problematic than that of the deer head, which has a more elongated head and a narrower muzzle with large ears. The body and legs are also longer and the dogs are heavier than the apple-headed Chihuahua.
| Height | 18 - 23 cm (Female), 18 - 23 cm (Male) |
| Weight | 1 - 3 kg (Female), 1 - 3 kg (Male) |
| Life Expectancy | 14 - 17 years |
| Character | Brave, loyal, lively |
| Coat | There are two variants - shorthair (smooth and soft) and longhair (soft with an undercoat) |
| Coat Color | All colors allowed, including multicolor |
| Price | 1000 - 2500 € |
History
The Chihuahua is native to Mexico and its history dates back to the ancient Toltec and Aztec civilizations. The Chihuahua is believed to have descended from an ancient dog named Techichi, who was revered by the Toltecs. The Techichi was larger than the modern Chihuahua, but it is thought that selective breeding reduced the size over time. The Aztecs believed that the Chihuahua had mystical powers, and Chihuahuas were often buried with the deceased to protect them in the afterlife. The Chihuahua as we know it today was discovered in the Chihuahua region of Mexico and gained popularity in the 19th century. It was recognized as a separate breed by the American Kennel Club in 1904.
Bred as a companion dog, the Chihuahua is known for its small size and lively nature.
Mexico
1800
Character & Temperament
The Chihuahua may be small, but he is by no means a dog that is just for cuddling. He is brave, confident and often feels like he is much bigger than he actually is. This means that he sometimes forgets how small he is and is not afraid to stand up to larger dogs. Chihuahuas are extremely loyal and form a strong bond with their caregiver. They are often very picky and tend to become particularly attached to a single person. This makes them wonderful companions, but it is important to be careful not to over-pamper them as this can lead to behavioral problems. The Chihuahua is a lively dog that loves to play and romp around. You'll be surprised at how agile and energetic this little guy can be! His exercise needs are moderate, meaning that while he enjoys walking and playing, he doesn't have the same exercise requirements as a larger, more active breed. When it comes to temperament, Chihuahuas can vary greatly. Some are calmer while others can be quite temperamental. However, they are generally vigilant and are often referred to as small guard dogs that warn their family of intruders, no matter how small those intruders may be. Chihuahuas can enjoy being with their people and can suffer from separation anxiety if left alone for too long. It is important to teach them that it is okay to be alone for a short time by gradually getting them used to it and giving them positive experiences. Regarding hunting behavior, the Chihuahua often shows some interest in small animals, but due to its small size this is usually not a big problem. However, it is good to be careful and keep it on a leash when walking, especially in areas with a lot of game.
| Trainability Willing to learn with clear rules and regular training. | Balanced |
| Watchfulness Occasionally alerts but is fundamentally open. | Low |
| Openness to Strangers Careful around unfamiliar people — thaws slowly. | Cautious |
| Hunting or Herding Drive Barely any prey drive — small animals trigger nothing. | Very low |
Fun Fact!
The Chihuahua is named after the Mexican state of Chihuahua where it was discovered and is considered the smallest dog breed in the world!
What Awaits You
Chihuahuas are also considered a breed with torment breeding characteristics. For example, due to the small size, the brain may be too large and the skull bone cannot close completely. A normal birth is often not possible.
Housing & Care
Chihuahuas make excellent city dogs. They don't need a lot of space and can also get along well in an apartment. However, caution should be exercised with small children, as Chihuahuas are prone to injuries due to their low weight and can easily feel threatened if handled too roughly. In general, they are often compatible with other pets as long as they are also respectful.
| Family Friendly Gets on well with different people and varying routines. | Family-friendly |
| Child Friendly Fine with calm, respectful children — not small tornadoes. | Better with older children |
| Dog Friendly Can get on with dogs it knows — strangers are a different story. | With familiar dogs |
| City Friendly Small space, noise, lots of people — no problem at all. | Ideal city dog |
Owning a dog is not only a privilege, but also a responsibility. If you want to bring a dog into your life, you must be aware of the commitment that dog ownership entails!!
Training & Education
Even though they are small, Chihuahuas require consistent training. They are intelligent and learn quickly, but can also be stubborn. It is important to challenge them mentally, but without overwhelming them. Chihuahuas are not ball junkies, but they love mental stimulation through tricks and light agility exercises. Because they sometimes tend to feel bigger than they are, it is important to teach them how to be respectful around other dogs and people. Training impulse control and frustration tolerance can help prevent unwanted behavior.
Nutrition & Care
Chihuahuas need a balanced diet tailored to their small size. High-quality food with adequate protein and fat content is important, as is regular dental cleaning and care. When it comes to care, the effort depends on the type of fur. Short-haired Chihuahuas require relatively little grooming, while long-haired Chihuahuas should be brushed regularly to avoid matting. Chihuahuas have an undercoat, especially the long-haired variety. In Germany, you should note that Chihuahuas can easily freeze in winter due to their small size and thin fur, so warming dog coats are recommended.
| Care Level Minimal effort — occasional brushing and bathing. | Low-maintenance |
| Exercise Needs Enjoys daily movement but isn't a sports dog. | Moderate |
| Shedding Regular shedding — dog hair on clothes is now normal. | Moderate |
| Trainability Willing to learn with clear rules and regular training. | Balanced |
This information is currently being reviewed by experts. If you discover an error, please send an email to info@honestdog.de!!
Health
Solid, watch carefully
Health grade
Although Chihuahuas can reach a very old age, the breed struggles with typical issues associated with extreme miniaturization. Painful patellar luxation and tracheal collapse, which can lead to severe respiratory distress, occur particularly frequently. The risk of hydrocephalus is also increased due to the shape of the skull, which is why prospective puppy buyers should carefully inquire about the health status of the parent dogs.
Grade is relative to other breeds — AI-generated by our veterinary-genetics model.
In daily life this can mean
You should ensure a healthy weight and joint-friendly exercise, and always use a well-fitting harness to relieve pressure on the sensitive trachea in daily life.
The breeder's role
Reputable breeders have the parents' knees, hearts, and eyes checked and focus specifically on a healthy skull shape, clear airways, and strictly avoiding extreme miniaturization.
No Health Tests Available
No specific health tests are currently available for this breed.
Experiences with the Chihuahua
Anna S., Halterin aus Konstanz (Rüde, seit 2019)
Mein kleiner Rüde Pablo stammt von einem Züchter am Bodensee und hat mich von Anfang an als seine absolute Lieblingsperson auserkoren. Diese extreme Loyalität ist einfach wunderschön, aber man muss aufpassen, dass sie nicht in Eifersucht umschlägt. Chihuahuas sind eben keine reinen Schoßhunde, sondern eigenständige Persönlichkeiten mit einer ordentlichen Portion Temperament.
Was man definitiv nicht unterschätzen darf, ist Pablos ausgeprägte Wachsamkeit. Er hört das leiseste Geräusch im Hausflur und schlägt dann sofort an. Mit konsequenter Erziehung haben wir das Kläffen gut im Griff, aber die Tendenz dazu ist absolut da. Außerdem neigt er wie viele kleine Hunde zur Selbstüberschätzung und vergisst im Kontakt mit größeren Hunden oft völlig, wie winzig er eigentlich ist.
Für uns ist er im Alltag dennoch der perfekte Begleiter. Wir haben ihn schon als Welpen an seine Hundetasche gewöhnt, sodass er uns problemlos in Restaurants oder Geschäfte begleiten kann. Solange er genug Auslauf und Beschäftigung bekommt, ist er auch in einer Wohnung absolut ausgeglichen.
Sabine M., Halterin aus Hamburg (Hündin, seit 2018)
Ein Chihuahua zu halten bedeutet leider auch, dass man draußen ständig auf der Hut sein muss. Meine Hündin wiegt gerade mal 2 Kilo, und andere Hundebesitzer sind oft unglaublich rücksichtslos. Wenn ein ungestümer, großer Junghund einfach auf sie zubrettert, kann das für sie lebensgefährlich sein. In Welpenspielgruppen wurden wir oft überrannt, weshalb wir schnell in eine spezielle Kleinhundegruppe gewechselt sind.
Durch einige dieser unschönen Begegnungen hat meine Kleine irgendwann vom Flucht- in den Verteidigungsmodus geschaltet. Sie fing an, an der Leine wie wild zu bellen, zu knurren und sich aufzuführen, als wäre sie ein riesiger Wachhund. Dieses angstbedingte Kläffen wieder herauszubekommen, erfordert unendlich viel Geduld, Training und vor allem die Gewissheit für den Hund, dass ich sie im Ernstfall schütze und auf den Arm nehme.
Wer sich einen Chi anschafft, muss wissen, dass diese Hunde extrem sensibel sind. Man darf sie nicht mit Härte erziehen, sondern braucht viel positive Verstärkung. Wenn man diese Herausforderungen meistert, bekommt man aber einen unglaublich treuen und liebevollen Partner an seine Seite.
sinngemäß aus echten Halterberichten
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Frequently asked questions about the Chihuahua
Is a Chihuahua the right dog for me?
The Chihuahua is an adaptable dog that adjusts well to various lifestyles. Research the temperament, grooming needs, and space requirements before deciding.
How long does a Chihuahua live?
The average life expectancy of a Chihuahua is 14-17 years. With proper care and regular vet visits, your dog can live a long, healthy life.
How much grooming does a Chihuahua need?
Chihuahua grooming requirements include regular brushing, nail trimming, and dental care. HonestDog provides detailed grooming tips for every breed.
Is a Chihuahua good for families with children?
The Chihuahua can be a great family dog. Proper training and socialization are key. HonestDog provides family suitability information for every breed.
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