

The Schipperke is a curious, high-energy miniature shepherd—bred as a tireless guardian and ratter on Belgian canal boats, possessing the stamina of a large dog despite its small size.
How the health grade is calculated
Sources for required breeding screenings. Verband Deutscher Kleinhundezüchter e.V. · Verband Deutscher Kleinhundezüchter e.V.
Self-check
Answer 6 quick questions about your everyday life and see how well the Schipperke fits you — including an honest cost estimate per month, per year, and across the dog's lifetime.
At a glance
The essentials — key facts, traits, and health priorities — before you dive deeper.
Lifespan
12–15 yrs
Shoulder height
25–33 cm
Weight
5–7 kg
Practical
Temperament
Daily life
What matters most
Especially with a Schipperke, choosing the right breeder is the single most important decision you'll make. Serious breeders consistently test the parents for inherited conditions, prioritize healthy early socialization, and stay accountable long after handover. A cheap puppy without health screening tends to become the most expensive dog later on.
See HonestDog breeder standards →Colors & coat
The coat colors that occur in the Schipperke — including which ones fall outside the breed standard and which carry genetic risk.
Eye colors
Coat type
The real vibes check
A Schipperke simply doesn't know he's small—he patrols your house and garden like a strict captain on his cargo boat. You aren't buying a cute dwarf, but a full-fledged, lightning-fast shepherd in pocket format that wants to be taken seriously. If you channel his vigilant, work-oriented spirit into productive paths, you will have the most loyal shadow by your side.
The Schipperke is a small but strong and robust breed of dog. They are known for their distinctive black fur, pointed ears, and bushy, backwards-swept tail that is often carried over their back. The Schipperke's body is compact but well proportioned, with a proud and confident expression. They are members of FCI Group 1: Herding and Cattle Dogs, although today they are mostly kept as companion dogs. There is no distinction between performance and show lines in Schipperkes as they were traditionally kept as working dogs and these characteristics are still present in the breed today.
Despite their small size, the Schipperke is a highly energetic and alert dog with a strong personality. They are very people-oriented and build a strong bond with their family. Their original role as guard dogs is still visible in their behavior today: they are very attentive and will often react by barking to unusual noises or movements. This makes them excellent guard dogs, although of course they do not pose a physical threat due to their size. Schipperkes are also known for being very playful and active. They enjoy physical activities and games and need regular exercise to stay happy and healthy. Despite their energy, they can also easily learn to stay alone as long as they get enough mental and physical stimulation. In terms of hunting and prey catching behavior, Schipperkes tend to have a fairly strong prey drive. This is likely a holdover from their past as ship guards, where they were often used to catch rats and other pests. Therefore, it is important to ensure that they are kept in a safe environment and that they are kept on a leash when walking to prevent them from chasing after small animals. When it comes to their independence, Schipperkes are known to be quite stubborn. They have a strong will of their own and can be a little stubborn at times. However, this does not mean that they are not capable of learning or trainable, but rather that they require a patient and consistent hand in training. They respond well to positive reinforcement and enjoy completing tasks and challenges.
| Watchfulness A natural watchdog with real protective instinct. | High |
| Openness to Strangers Neither pushily friendly nor suspicious. | Neutral |
| Hunting or Herding Drive Mild interest in movement and small animals — easily managed. | Low |
Fun Fact!
Although they are small, Schipperkes have the heart of a big dog and were affectionately known as "little black devils" in their native Belgium!
Schipperkens were often kept as guard dogs in the past and are therefore very fond of barking. They are very intelligent and therefore a challenge to raise. Although they can function well in families, it should be kept in mind that this breed has a tendency to behave unfriendly towards strangers and dogs.
Although they are small, Schipperkes are energetic dogs that require plenty of exercise and mental stimulation. They are therefore suitable for both city life and country life as long as their needs are met. They get along well with children but can sometimes be a bit territorial, so early socialization is important. Although they can tolerate other pets if properly socialized, their high prey-hunting tendencies can be a problem, especially with smaller pets such as cats.
Loves family life and thrives in a group.
Gets on well with children — with adult supervision.
Usually gets on fine with other dogs.
Adapts well to city living and urban environments.
Owning a dog is a privilege, but it's also a real responsibility. Before you bring one into your life, be honest with yourself about the commitment it takes.
Schipperkes are intelligent, independent dogs that are well suited to various types of training, including obedience training, agility, and even dog sports. They have a natural tendency to guard and can therefore also be trained to be good guard dogs. Because of their active and energetic temperament, it is important that they are exercised both physically and mentally to prevent them from becoming bored and potentially developing destructive behavior. It is also important to note that Schipperkes can sometimes be challenging to raise due to their independence and strong will. They respond best to consistent but loving parenting with lots of positive reinforcement. It may be necessary to specifically train frustration tolerance and impulse control to ensure harmonious coexistence. A Schipperke that is well socialized and properly trained can be a wonderful family dog and a loyal companion.
Schipperkes are small dogs with a good appetite. It is important to monitor their diet and ensure they do not become overweight as this can lead to health problems. A balanced diet with high-quality dog food tailored to their size, age and activity level is ideal. In terms of care, Schipperkes are relatively easy to care for. They have a dense, short coat with an undercoat that requires minimal grooming. A weekly brushing is usually enough to keep their coat healthy and clean. However, during the shedding phases in spring and autumn, they may shed more and therefore need to be brushed frequently. The climate in Germany is generally suitable for Schipperkes. Their thick undercoat offers them protection from colder temperatures, while their short fur doesn't weigh them down too much in the warmer months.
| Care Level Regular brushing and occasional professional grooming. | Moderate |
| Exercise Needs Needs several hours of serious exercise every day. | Very active |
| Shedding Hair everywhere, always — no white clothing survives. | Very heavy |
| Trainability Bred to work closely alongside humans. | Highly trainable |
Our experts are still reviewing this information. Spotted something wrong? Email us at info@honestdog.de.
Robust
Health grade
The Schipperke is considered a very healthy breed, yet orthopedic problems such as patellar luxation (PL) and genetic peculiarities such as brachyury (NBT) can occur. Additionally, hip dysplasia (HD), color dilution alopecia / blue dog syndrome, and hypothyroidism can affect the breed. For breeding, the Verband Deutscher Kleinhundezüchter e.V. therefore mandates testing for brachyury (NBT) as well as a PL 0 result for patellar luxation (PL). Forward-thinking breeders also have hips examined for HD A–B and check the thyroid. Before purchasing a puppy, ask to see the official documentation confirming the PL 0 result as well as the other test results of the parent animals.
Grade is relative to other breeds — AI-assisted and editorially reviewed.
Methodology and data: HonestDog Dog Breed Health Report 2026
What matters most for this breed
Tap any item to see details.
With joint-friendly exercise and a healthy weight, you can take the strain off their knees, while regular vet visits help to detect changes in the eyes or nervous system early on.
Responsible breeders only mate Schipperkes with PL 0 and an NBT finding in accordance with the Verband Deutscher Kleinhundezüchter e.V. and additionally test voluntarily for HD and hypothyroidism.
Note: This health overview is AI-assisted and editorially reviewed. It is for orientation only and does not replace veterinary advice.
What matters most for this breed — what's common, how much it affects the dog's life, and how to protect yourself as a buyer.
Tap a body region to see the inherited conditions linked to it.
The three most important risks
Pick a region on the map to explore other areas.
Tier 1 reflects the tests Verband Deutscher Kleinhundezüchter e.V. actually mandates. Tiers 2 and 3 show how responsible breeders go beyond.
Club standard. Verband Deutscher Kleinhundezüchter e.V. requires these tests for breeding approval. Ask any reputable breeder for the results.
Note: This health overview is AI-assisted and editorially reviewed. It is for orientation only and does not replace veterinary advice.
A Schipperke costs around ~€160 per month (€90 – €300, depending on your setup). The first year adds up to roughly ~€4,620 including purchase, equipment and puppy school; across the dog's life (13.5 years) it comes to about ~€28,880.
With surgery cover, running costs come to about ~€150 per month — in return, your share of a major operation drops from several thousand euros to around 20 percent.
Per month
~€160
In the first year
~€4,620
Across the dog's life
~€28,880
Estimated purchase price from a breeder: €1,200 – €2,500
Estimate at a mid-range setup (suburban, dry food, 1–2 hours of daily exercise), average German prices, as of July 2026.

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Illustrative imageSchipperkes come from Belgium and have been recognized as an independent breed since the 16th century. They were originally bred by Flemish craftsmen and sailors as guard dogs for their houses and ships. Hence their name: "Schipperke" is Flemish and means “little boatman”. Despite their small size, they were known to be very effective at repelling intruders and were often referred to as "little black devils." The breed became more popular in the 19th century and spread to other parts of Europe and eventually the United States.
The Schipperke was used as a guard dog on inland waterways and in households, valued for its alertness and energy.
Belgium
1600
In everyday life, owners unanimously describe the Schipperke as "a big dog in a handy mini format." Its devotion, loyalty and playfulness make it a close companion that, with proper socialization, bonds very tightly with its family and often gets along wonderfully with sturdy children. Thanks to its compact build, it is easy to bring along in daily life and on trips.
The biggest challenge at home is its boundless energy. Many owners stress that walks alone won't tire it out; it demands interaction, exercise and deliberate practice at settling down. Without that outlet, it tends to patrol restlessly around the home.
On top of that comes its strong watchdog heritage: nothing at the windows or doors gets past a Schipperke. Owners appreciate how reliable they are, but caution that without leadership the breed can bark a great deal and be suspicious of strangers.
Sources:reddit.comissnruede.derundum.doghunde-zum-lorcheborn.comzoomalia.de
In training, owners especially highlight the breed's remarkable sharpness and quick grasp of things. Many Schipperkes shine in dog sports, especially agility or scent work, since they throw themselves into it eagerly and love a challenge.
At the same time, owners repeatedly warn about their strong will: the Schipperke likes to question what a command is good for and won't be fobbed off with harshness or mindless drilling. Owners report that you need to set clear, fair boundaries, since this nimble little dog exploits any inconsistency in a flash and then takes charge itself. According to owner reports, positive reinforcement and reward-based training work best.
Prey drive is another key training issue. As a traditional rat and mouse catcher, the Schipperke reacts lightning-fast to small animals and rustling sounds. A reliable off-leash recall therefore takes intensive, patient training from the start.
Sources:issnruede.derundum.doghunde-zum-lorcheborn.comzoomalia.demit-tier.de
On health, owners and breed experts consistently see the Schipperke as very long-lived and weatherproof. Many reports confirm that these dogs stay active and playful well into old age, often 15 years or more. Grooming is pleasantly easy: dirt dries quickly and brushes out easily, although the heavy shed twice a year does release quite a bit of undercoat.
The breed isn't entirely free of weak spots, though. Owners and reports occasionally mention sensitive stomachs and a tendency toward digestive trouble when switching foods or after treats that don't agree with the dog.
Well-informed owners also point to breed-specific genetic risks such as the lysosomal storage disease (MPS IIIB) and eye diseases. The community's verdict is therefore unanimous: if you're getting a Schipperke, be sure to choose a reputable breeder who can document comprehensive genetic screening of the parents.
Sources:reddit.comrundum.doghunde-zum-lorcheborn.comzooplus.demit-tier.de
Paraphrased from real owner reports · translated from German
The Schipperke is an active dog that needs plenty of exercise and mental stimulation. Research the temperament, grooming needs, and space requirements before deciding.
The average life expectancy of a Schipperke is 12-15 years. With proper care and regular vet visits, your dog can live a long, healthy life.
Schipperke grooming requirements include regular brushing, nail trimming, and dental care. HonestDog provides detailed grooming tips for every breed.
The Schipperke can be a great family dog. Proper training and socialization are key. HonestDog provides family suitability information for every breed.
The Schipperke comes in these colors: Black, Cream, Fawn, Red, Blue, Chocolate, White. Colors that fall outside the breed standard are marked as such on the breed page.
Showcase your kennel on HonestDog and reach families searching for a responsibly bred Schipperke.