In addition to mandatory tests:

• Disorders of sexual development - sex reversal(DSD)

  Andere

  This is a congenital condition affecting the reproductive system where a dog's genetic sex (their chromosomes) does not match their physical gonads (internal reproductive organs like ovaries or testes) or external genitalia. This mismatch occurs during early development in the womb. Because it is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, a puppy must inherit the mutated gene from both parents to be affected.

  DNA

  Deep dive+

• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)(PRA)

  Augen

  Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is an inherited eye disease that affects the retina, which is the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. In this condition, the specialized cells responsible for detecting light, known as photoreceptors, gradually degenerate and die. Because these cells cannot recover or be replaced, the disease slowly but inevitably leads to complete blindness.

  Deep dive+

• Cataract(HC)

  Augen und Sehvermögen

  A cataract is a progressive clouding of the lens inside the dog's eye, which is the clear structure that focuses light onto the retina at the back of the eye. When the lens becomes cloudy or opaque, it blocks light from entering, gradually impairing the dog's vision. If left untreated, this condition can eventually lead to complete blindness in the affected eye.

  Augen

  Deep dive+

• Third eyelid (nictitating membrane) abnormalities - "cherry eye"

  Augen und Sehvermögen

  A prolapse of the nictitating membrane gland, commonly called 'cherry eye,' occurs when the tear gland of the third eyelid slips out of its normal position. This gland is responsible for producing a significant portion of the eye's protective tear film. When the connective tissue holding it in place weakens, the gland protrudes, appearing as a red, fleshy mass in the inner corner of the eye.

  Physisch

  Deep dive+

• Lupoid dermatosis(ECLE)

  Haut und Fell

  Lupoid dermatosis is an inherited autoimmune skin disease where a dog's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own skin cells. This abnormal immune response targets the outer layers of the skin, leading to severe, chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Over time, this causes significant scaling, crusting, and hair loss across the body.

  Haut

  Deep dive+

• Aortic valve stenosis(AS)

  Herz

  Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve in the heart, which controls blood flow from the main pumping chamber (the left ventricle) to the rest of the body. Because of this restriction, the heart muscle must work much harder to pump blood, which eventually causes the muscle wall to thicken abnormally. This is a severe cardiovascular condition that can strain the heart over time.

  Deep dive+

• Acral Mutilation Syndrome(AMS)

  Nervensystem

  Acral Mutilation Syndrome is an inherited neurological disorder that affects the sensory nerves responsible for transmitting pain signals from the limbs to the brain. Because of this genetic defect, affected dogs cannot feel pain in their paws and lower legs. This lack of sensation leads to a loss of protective reflexes in these areas.

  DNA

  Deep dive+

• von Willebrand's disease(vWD)

  Stoffwechsel

  Von Willebrand disease is an inherited bleeding disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot properly. It is caused by a deficiency or malfunction of the von Willebrand factor, a specific protein that helps blood platelets stick together to plug damaged blood vessels. Without enough of this functional protein, the clotting process is delayed, which can lead to excessive bleeding even from minor injuries.

  Deep dive+