Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM)(CM/SM)
Chiari-like Malformation · Syringomyelia · Occipital Hypoplasia · Caudal Occipital Malformation Syndrome · COMS · Syringomyelie · Chiari-like Malformation and Syringomyelia · Okzipitale Dysplasie · Foramen magnum dysplasia · Keyhole foramen magnum · Occipital bone dysplasia · FMD
What it is
Chiari-like malformation is a structural neurological condition where the back of the skull is too small for the brain, forcing the lower part of the brain into the spinal canal. This displacement blocks the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid, the protective liquid surrounding the brain and spine. Over time, the blocked fluid builds up and forms painful, fluid-filled cavities called syrinxes within the spinal cord, a secondary condition known as syringomyelia.
How it presents
Symptoms typically appear between 6 months and 4 years of age. Owners may notice extreme sensitivity to touch around the neck and head, whimpering, and a characteristic compulsive scratching at the neck area without making skin contact, often called 'air guitar' scratching.
Treatment
While the condition is incurable, it can be managed with lifelong pain medication or a complex surgical procedure to decompress the skull. Treatment costs typically range from 3,000 to 12,000 EUR depending on whether surgery or long-term medical management is chosen.
How it's tested
Affected breeds
Mandatory testBiewer TerrierMandated by Verband Deutscher Kleinhundezüchter e.V.
Mandatory testBrabant Griffon
Mandatory testPrague RattlerMandated by Verband Deutscher Kleinhundezüchter e.V.
RecommendedBelgian Griffon
RecommendedBrussels Griffon
RecommendedCavalier King Charles Spaniel
RecommendedChihuahua
RecommendedPetit Brabançon
OptionalCavapoochon
Treatment cost
Estimated range of typical treatment cost. Actual cost depends on severity, clinic and region.