Paroxysmal Dyskinesia(PD)
Also known as: Paroxysmale Dyskinesie · Canine Epileptoid Cramping Syndrome · CECS · Spike's Disease · Paroxysmal Movement Disorder
Overview
What it is
Paroxysmal dyskinesia is a neurological disorder affecting the brain's motor control pathways, which regulate voluntary movement. During an episode, the brain temporarily fails to control muscle activity correctly, leading to involuntary movements while the dog remains fully conscious. This is an inherited condition passed down in an autosomal-recessive pattern, meaning a puppy must inherit the mutated gene from both parents to be affected.
How it presents
Owners will notice sudden, temporary episodes of muscle stiffness, cramping, tremors, or difficulty standing, typically starting in young adulthood. Between these brief episodes, which can last from minutes to hours, the dog behaves and moves completely normally.
Treatment
While there is no cure, the condition is manageable through dietary adjustments or daily medications. Lifelong management and diagnostic testing to rule out other neurological issues typically cost between 1,000 and 5,000 EUR.
How it's tested
Affected breeds
1 of 1 breeds
Treatment cost
Estimated range of typical treatment cost. Actual cost depends on severity, clinic and region.
Frequently asked
What is Paroxysmal Dyskinesia?
Paroxysmal dyskinesia is a neurological disorder affecting the brain's motor control pathways, which regulate voluntary movement. During an episode, the brain temporarily fails to control muscle activity correctly, leading to involuntary movements while the dog remains fully conscious. This is an inherited condition passed down in an autosomal-recessive pattern, meaning a puppy must inherit the mutated gene from both parents to be affected.
How is Paroxysmal Dyskinesia tested?
Various clinical and genetic tests are used depending on the breed and presentation.
Which breeds are most affected?
Most commonly affected: Markiesje.