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Multiple ocular anomalies · MOA · Congenital multiple ocular anomalies · Multiple Augenfehlbildungen · Angeborene Augenanomalien · Multiocular defect
Multiple ocular defects (MOD) is an inherited condition affecting the development of the eye's structures, such as the lens, retina, iris, or cornea. This abnormal development is caused by a genetic mutation that disrupts how these vital parts of the eye form. Because multiple components of the eye are malformed from birth, the condition typically results in severe vision loss or complete blindness.
Owners will typically notice symptoms in puppies shortly after their eyes open, around two to three weeks of age. Signs include visible cloudiness in the eyes, involuntary eye twitching, squinting, and clumsy behavior like bumping into walls or furniture due to poor vision.
While the underlying structural defects cannot be cured, secondary complications like painful inflammation or high eye pressure can be managed with lifelong medication. In severe cases, surgical removal of the affected eye may be required, with overall management and treatment costs typically ranging from 1,000 to 4,500 EUR.
More conditions affecting the Eyes.
Estimated range of typical treatment cost. Actual cost depends on severity, clinic and region.